Canada Overview
Written by Anastasiia Lushyna Moderated by Oleksandra Dosii
Anastasiia Lushyna

Anastasiia Lushyna

Anastasiia is a content creator, writer, and motorcycle traveler with experience living in 4 different countries. She has been exploring the world and its cultural diversity since 2010.

Oleksandra Dosii

Oleksandra Dosii

Oleksandra is a dedicated marketer with a passion for growing HR-tech products. She believes content marketing is about delivering high-quality content that provides value—not just generating leads. Since 2016, Oleksandra has been involved in tech talent relocation.

Last update: November 24, 2024

Next update

Next update: Scheduled for February 1, 2025

Canada is a popular destination for relocation due to its welcoming attitude toward immigrants, diverse cultural landscape, and high quality of life (ranking 2nd in the region and 30th in the world). The country also offers excellent healthcare, education, and social services, making it particularly attractive to families. For instance, one of the hospitals in Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, is ranked as the 3rd best globally. Major cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal also feature vibrant job markets in sectors such as technology, healthcare, and finance, with many opportunities for skilled workers. Canada’s natural beauty, including vast landscapes and outdoor recreational activities, adds to its appeal. While the cost of living can vary significantly between regions, the overall safety, inclusivity, and support systems make Canada an appealing choice for those looking for a relocation destination.

Interesting facts

  • There are around 200 languages spoken in Canada.
  • The country is home to over 450 ethnic and cultural origins.
  • Canada has six time zones.
Visas & Immigration in Canada

Canada offers a range of visa and immigration options, with specific pathways for work, study, and permanent residency. Citizens of certain countries need a visa or Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to enter. Canada has immigration programs like Express Entry for skilled workers and Provincial Nominee Programs for specific regions. Non-citizens must apply through Canadian embassies or consulates, and permanent residency leads to the opportunity for citizenship. Canada’s immigration system is known for being welcoming, especially to skilled professionals and entrepreneurs.

Types of visas

  • Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)
  • Temporary Resident Visa (Visitor Visa)
  • Work Permits
  • Study Permits

Types of work permits

  • Employer-specific work permit
  • Open work permit

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Taxes in Canada

Canada has a progressive tax system, with higher earners paying a larger percentage of their income in taxes. Both federal and provincial governments levy income taxes, resulting in varying tax rates depending on where you live. In addition to income tax, Canadians pay for social programs like employment insurance and the Canada Pension Plan through payroll deductions. A goods and services tax (GST) is applied at the federal level, with some provinces adding their own sales taxes. Property and capital gains taxes are also in place. The taxes fund Canada's strong social services, including universal healthcare, public education, and social security benefits.

Types of taxes

  • Income tax
  • Provincial and territorial income tax
  • Social security contributions
  • Goods and services tax
  • Property tax
  • Carbon tax
  • Land transfer tax
  • Capital gains tax
  • Luxury tax

Tax year

January 1st to December 31st

Income tax rates

Progressive, from 15% to 33%, plus provincial and territorial income tax (varying across the regions)

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Cost of Living in Canada

The cost of living in Canada varies significantly depending on the region, with major Vancouver being the most expensive. Housing is the largest expense, especially in Vancouver and Toronto, where rent and property prices are among the highest in the country. In smaller cities or rural areas, housing tends to be more affordable. Groceries, utilities, and transportation are moderately priced, though dining out and entertainment can be more expensive in larger urban centers. Healthcare in Canada is publicly funded and largely free at the point of use, though some supplementary costs for medications or dental care may apply. Public transportation in cities is reasonably priced and widely used, while car ownership adds to living costs, particularly in areas with less public transit coverage.

Most expensive cities

  • Vancouver
  • Victoria
  • Calgary

Most affordable cities

  • Sherbrooke
  • Regina
  • Gatineau

Average rent

C$1,870+ per month for a one-bedroom city center apartment

Average monthly expenses (excluding rent)

C$1,440 for a single person

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International Companies Hiring in Canada

International companies are actively hiring in Canada, attracted by the country's skilled workforce, diverse economy, and supportive immigration policies. Major global firms such as Google, Amazon, and Shopify have established operations in Canadian cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal to tap into local talent and foster innovation. The Canadian job market shows strong demand for skilled professionals in sectors like software development, engineering, and healthcare, with companies like Siemens and Pfizer also expanding their presence. Furthermore, Canada's commitment to diversity and inclusion makes it an appealing location for multinational corporations seeking to cultivate a multicultural workforce. With a strong focus on work-life balance and employee well-being, Canada offers a compelling environment for both companies and their employees.

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Jobs in Canada

Canada has a strong job market with opportunities across various sectors, including technology, healthcare, finance, and engineering. English-speaking jobs are widely available, especially in major urban centers like Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary, where many companies operate in English as the primary language. The country’s multicultural environment attracts a diverse workforce, and many international firms actively seek English-speaking professionals. While proficiency in French can be advantageous, especially in Quebec, a significant number of roles do not require bilingualism.

Top job sectors

  • Healthcare
  • Technology
  • Natural Resources

Top high-demand jobs

  • Healthcare specialists
  • Software engineers
  • Environmental engineers

Working hours

Typically 37.5 to 40 hours per week

Probation period

Usually 3 or 6 months

Paid time off

At least 2 weeks per year

Public holidays

10

Unemployment rate

6.6%

Common employee benefits

Life insurance, extended healthcare, supplementary pension, maternity and paternity leave, transportation allowance

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Salaries in Canada

Salaries in Canada are generally competitive, with significant variations depending on the industry, region, and level of experience. Major urban centers like Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary typically offer higher salaries, particularly in sectors such as technology, finance, healthcare, and natural resources. The demand for skilled workers in these cities contributes to increased wages, while smaller towns and rural areas often have lower salary levels due to a different economic landscape. Canada's progressive tax system means that a portion of income is allocated to taxes, but this is counterbalanced by strong social services, including healthcare and education.

Average salary

C$62,660 (gross), around €42,080 per year

Minimum wage

$17.30 per hour

Highest-paying jobs

  • Digital marketing specialist: C$55,197 (€36,914)
  • HR generalist: C$60,629 (€40,547)
  • Data analyst: C$62,496 (€41,795)
  • UX designer: C$66,700 (€44,607)
  • Project manager (general): C$79,931 (€53,455)

Cities with the highest average salaries

  • Toronto
  • Calgary
  • Vancouver

Pay frequency

Usually monthly or semi-monthly, with weekly and biweekly options available as well

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Relocation Companies in Canada

Relocation companies in Canada provide valuable services to individuals looking to move within the country or from abroad. These companies assist with various aspects of the relocation process, including visa applications, housing searches, school enrollment, and settling-in support. Many specialize in helping expats navigate local customs and regulations, making the transition smoother. With a focus on personalized service, relocation firms often offer tailored packages that address specific needs, such as corporate relocations or family moves.

Top relocation companies in Canada:

  • Seven Seas Worldwide
  • Crown Relocations
  • Allied Van Lines
  • Armstrong Moving
  • New Roots Relocation

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Healthcare & Insurance in Canada

Canada has a publicly funded healthcare system known as Medicare, which provides universal access to medical services for all Canadian citizens and permanent residents. Funded through taxes, the system covers most essential healthcare services, including doctor visits, hospital care, and some specialist treatments, making healthcare largely free at the point of use. Each province and territory administers its own healthcare plan, with slight variations in coverage, but the core services are guaranteed across the country. Prescription drugs, dental care, and vision care are generally not covered under Medicare, so many Canadians opt for private health insurance, either through employers or individually, to cover these additional costs. Canada's healthcare system is known for being accessible and providing high-quality care, though wait times for certain procedures and specialist consultations can sometimes be long.

Types of health Insurance

  • Public health insurance (Medicare)
  • Private health insurance
  • Health Spending Accounts (HSAs)

The cost of private health insurance

Monthly premiums usually range between C$50 and C$200

Expat insurance

Eligibility for public healthcare and coverage details depend on a province or territory

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Cities in Canada

Each of the large Canadian cities popular among expats has its unique advantages. For instance, Vancouver, known for its stunning natural scenery and mild climate, is a vibrant city that attracts those seeking a balanced lifestyle with access to outdoor activities and a strong job market, particularly in technology, film, and green industries. Toronto, the largest city, has a multicultural environment and a dynamic economy, making it ideal for professionals in finance, technology, and the arts. Montreal stands out for its rich cultural scene and bilingual opportunities, appealing to both English and French speakers. Calgary is recognized for its strong economy driven by the energy sector, while Ottawa, the capital, offers a high quality of life and numerous government job opportunities.

Popular cities for relocation

  • Toronto: Canada's largest city, renowned for its rich diversity, vibrant arts scene, and strong economy, making it a dynamic hub for culture, innovation, and international business.
  • Vancouver: A picturesque coastal city known for its focus on sustainability and outdoor activities. Vancouver offers a dynamic lifestyle with access to hiking, skiing, and waterfront parks.
  • Montreal: A cultural gem with a blend of French and English influences, Montreal is known for its vibrant arts scene, affordable living compared to other major cities, and a thriving tech and gaming industry.
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