Which is the easiest country to get citizenship in Europe?

Among EU nations, Estonia presents one of the clearest, most digitised pathways for professionals relocating with job offers. While the total duration required for naturalisation is longer than in some countries (eight years), the system’s structure, transparency, and ease of entry make it a top contender. Estonia, where access to the internet was declared a human right in the year 2000 (!), has a well-designed electronic process to handle just about any bureaucratic process, and that plays into how easy getting citizenship is.

Portugal, Ireland, France, and the Netherlands also stand out due to relatively short residence requirements (five years), dual citizenship allowances, and supportive integration policies.

Here are five of the easiest countries to get citizenship in Europe with the most accessible and well-defined citizenship processes for expats relocating through employment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What does work-life balance mean?

There’s no single way to define work-life balance, but some elements tend to come up again and again: working hours, paid time off, job stability, and how well your income covers everyday costs. Healthcare access, childcare and parental leave policies, and how safe it is to get around also influence daily life. And for expats moving to Europe, practical matters like finding housing and getting a visa also make a big difference.

Reports and rankings use different methods to measure these factors. Inter Nations, for instance, publishes an Expat Insider survey based on expats’ self-reported experiences. Their rankings include areas like quality of life, working abroad, ease of settling in, and personal finance. The Quality of Life Index draws from subcategories such as healthcare, safety, and environment, and respondents rate each factor on a scale of 1 to 7.

The EIU’s Global Liveability Index takes another approach. It gives scores to over 30 factors grouped under five broad categories: stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. These are based on expert evaluation as well as local data from each city. The final result is a score out of 100 which shows how easy or difficult it is to live comfortably in each location.

 

 

Each of these rankings focuses on different angles, so comparisons between countries (or even cities) can vary depending on what matters most to you. That’s also why it helps to look at work-life balance as a mix of different factors, rather than one overall score.

Beyond these rankings, you can also capitalise on Relocate.me to compare countries side by side. We have country pages and city guides on visa options, salaries, and cost of living that can give you a clearer picture of what to expect in each place. We can also help you find a job abroad.

The best work-life balance countries in Europe

The best work-life balance countries in Europe for expats include Austria, Portugal, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. Each country has a strong tech sector and offers different benefits (shorter workweeks, generous holidays, easy visa options, or more predictable living costs) that make it stand out. There’s no single “best” for everyone, so this list follows no particular order. What suits you depends on what you value most: public services, climate, cost of living, or how far your income goes after rent and taxes.

Austria

Austria consistently performs well in quality-of-life rankings. Vienna topped the EIU’s Global Liveability Index for three consecutive years (2020–2022) before being narrowly overtaken by Copenhagen. It still holds a top-three spot in 2025. Other sources also rank Vienna as one of the best cities in the world for livability and work-life balance.

Austria has one of the best healthcare systems in the world. Public transport is efficient and affordable—Vienna’s monthly pass costs around €51, while similar passes in cities like Paris or Amsterdam often exceed €80.

The work week is generally 35 to 40 hours, with a minimum of 25 days of paid vacation, plus 13 public holidays. Visa routes like the Red-White-Red Card and the jobseeker visa are relatively accessible and designed with skilled professionals from non-EU countries in mind.

Austria is among the more expensive countries in Europe overall, but the cost of living is still manageable. Although tech wages are slightly lower than in France or Denmark—a mid-level software engineer in Austria earns around €60,000, compared to about €70,000 in Denmark—the more affordable housing and transportation help balance things out.

Portugal

Portugal stands out for its mild climate, relatively low cost of living, and remote work-friendly visa options. In the 2024 Expat Insider survey, it ranked in the top 10 globally for quality of life, with expats particularly delighted with the weather and natural scenery. It’s also one of the safest countries in the world, as it ranked 7th in the 2025 Global Peace Index.

Living expenses are lower than in most Western European countries. A one-bedroom apartment in Lisbon averages around €1,090 per month. By comparison, rent for a similar apartment in Madrid or Barcelona tends to be €200–€400 higher. Outside of Lisbon, day-to-day expenses drop even further, which makes Portugal especially attractive for remote professionals or young families that want to enjoy sunny beach days.

Portugal is also highly ranked for remote work readiness. Remote jobs are relatively easy to access, and the visa system supports this. The D8 Digital Nomad Visa is a popular option for remote workers earning income from outside Portugal, while the D2 Entrepreneur Visa is well-suited for freelancers or small business owners. Both are common choices and relatively straightforward to apply for. And if you’re wondering about the language, don’t worry, many locals speak English, and the general vibe is very welcoming for expats.

Denmark

Denmark regularly ranks near the top when it comes to quality of life and work-life balance. Copenhagen placed first in the EIU’s Global Liveability Index in 2025 and was also named the best city for working abroad by InterNations in 2024. In the OECD Better Life Index, Denmark scores above average in nearly every category, from income and housing to safety and civic engagement.

A full-time workweek typically runs around 37 hours, and workers receive five weeks of paid vacation plus public holidays. The average gross salary for a software engineer in Denmark is about €66,000, and in Copenhagen, average salaries round up to €83,579 a year before taxes. While income tax rates are high (often 50% or more) this is reflected in strong public services like free healthcare and childcare and reliable infrastructure.

Monthly living costs in Copenhagen are high compared to countries like Germany, the United Kingdom, and even the USA (if we exclude rent). Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in Copenhagen is often around €1,600, whereas a similar place in Munich costs about €1,400. Still, the higher salary levels in Denmark help balance the cost of living.

Denmark also has different work visas that make it easier for non-EU tech professionals to relocate for work. The Pay Limit Scheme lets you get a work permit if you have a job offer with a high enough salary, while the Positive List covers roles that are in demand, like software engineers and IT consultants. Both routes are relatively straightforward if you already have a job offer.

Germany

Germany has one of the strongest economies in the world (it ranks third globally by GDP after the U.S. and China), and this translates into stable job opportunities and a solid labour market for tech professionals. Cities like Berlin, Munich, and Frankfurt have a strong international presence and many open roles in IT and engineering. Salaries vary depending on the region and the job, but the national average across industries is around €52,000 gross per year. The cost of living in Berlin is 45% lower than in New York City (excluding rent) and groceries in Munich cost 60% less than in New York City.

The standard full-time workweek is 35–40 hours, and employees receive at least 20 days of paid vacation, plus 9 to 13 public holidays. Many companies offer more. Large employers like SAP give 30 days off in addition to sick leave. Work culture generally respects your time outside work, and most people do not receive calls or emails after hours. With this balance between time off and job security, it’s hardly surprising that Germany is considered one of the best work-life balance countries in Europe.

Germany’s public healthcare system is funded through employer and employee contributions and covers most services. Public transport is reliable and easy to use. For non-EU professionals, Germany offers several visa routes, including the EU Blue Card and the jobseeker visa, both of which are relatively simple to apply for. English is commonly used in tech jobs, but knowing some German helps with day-to-day life and official paperwork.

The Netherlands

The Netherlands is a popular destination for international professionals thanks to good salaries, attractive visa options, and a high level of English spoken in the workplace. Amsterdam ranks 5th in InterNations’ 2024 Working Abroad Index, with many expats saying they’re satisfied with their jobs and work-life balance, and that it’s easy to settle in.

The average salary across sectors is around €44,000, though mid-level software engineers earn closer to €55,000, depending on location and company size. Working hours typically stay within 36–40 per week, and employees are entitled to at least 20 days of vacation, and many companies offer even six weeks total.

Living expenses are relatively high, particularly in Amsterdam, where rent for a one-bedroom apartment averages €2,041 per month. However, cities like Rotterdam or The Hague offer more affordable alternatives while still being close to major tech hubs. Compared to cities like Berlin or Lisbon, groceries and transportation in the Netherlands tend to be slightly more expensive, but public services and infrastructure are well-maintained and reliable.

For expats, one standout benefit is the 30% ruling, a tax break that allows eligible skilled workers to receive up to 30% of their salary tax-free for five years. The Netherlands also offers several visa options for non-EU nationals who want to work in the country, such as the self-employment visa, the highly skilled migrant visa and the DAFT visa, designed exclusively for U.S. citizens.

Talk to an immigration expert before relocating to Europe

The best work-life balance countries in Europe each offer something different. If you’re looking for warm weather and a slower pace of life, Portugal might suit you. If strong public services are more important, Austria or Denmark could be a better choice. And if your priorities are around English-speaking environments, higher salaries, or a growing tech scene, the Netherlands might feel more familiar.

Rankings can help you compare factors and get a clear view of the strengths and negatives of each option. But numbers aside, what really counts is how all these pieces fit together in real life for someone relocating as an expat. That includes visa options, salary expectations, access to healthcare, and how long it takes to get settled.

If you’re serious about making a move, we recommend speaking to a relocation or immigration expert. They can walk you through your options and help you find the most realistic and efficient path. We can connect you with trusted partners who specialise in helping tech professionals relocate across borders.

Good luck!

Moving to Europe, Step 1: Research countries where you meet the visa criteria

The first and most important thing you’ll have to figure out is where you can move to based on the viable visa and residency options. Moving to Europe involves much more than packing your things and finding a place to live. Your biggest challenge will be identifying a visa that allows you to legally live and work abroad.

Each country has different visa types, but not all will apply to your situation. If you want to move to Austria or Sweden, but if you don’t qualify for any of their visa options, you’ll probably need to reconsider. So how do you know if the country you’re considering has a visa that’s available for you? You’ll need to do some research. To get started, browse the official website of the embassy or consulate of the country you’re interested in. You can also check out the visa and immigration pages on Relocate.me, which explain which visa routes are available for each country.

Step 2: Decide where you want to live

Once you’ve narrowed it down to countries where you’re eligible to move, the next step is to think about where you’d actually like to live. Do you prefer a bustling capital like Berlin or Madrid, or a smaller, quieter city like Tallinn? Do you like a colder climate, or would you rather live somewhere sunnier, like Lisbon?

Think about the things that matter to you: walkability, climate, cultural pace, access to nature or international airports. Work–life balance is also important to keep in mind—some countries, like France and Austria, are known for having competitive salaries and generous holiday policies, which can make a real difference if you’re moving for work.

Language is another factor to consider. Many countries in Europe have strong English-speaking communities, especially in larger cities like Amsterdam and Stockholm, but that’s not always the case. If you’re planning to stay for a while, you might want to consider learning the local language—or at least the basics—before you arrive.

And don’t forget to factor in tax obligations, especially if you’re from the United States, where you might still have to file at home. Tax obligations will also depend on how long you stay and your income level. You can read more about taxes later in this checklist.

Step 3: Look into job opportunities

Depending on your case, this step might come first. For some people, finding a job is what drives the move. For others, it comes after they’ve chosen a country and figured out their visa options. But these things are all connected—your job can affect what visas you’re eligible for, and your visa options can impact where and how you can work.

Some visas are linked to having a job offer, while others let you move first and sort that out later. For example, France’s Talent Passport and the UK’s Global Talent visa don’t require a job offer in the destination country to apply. Portugal has a digital nomad visa that works a bit differently—it requires proof of income through a job contract, but this can be your current remote job. In other words, you’re moving to Europe but keeping your job. These are just a few examples of how your work plans and visa path can go hand in hand.

If you haven’t secured a job yet, now’s a good time to start looking. Relocate.me is a helpful platform if you work in tech. It lists open roles across Europe that often come with relocation help and visa support. You can search by country, tech stack, or remote work options. Many of the companies on the site are experienced in hiring people from abroad and guiding them through the process.

So, our advice here is: keep both job search and visa research moving at the same time. Where you want to live, the kind of job you’re looking for, and what visa you qualify for can all influence each other.

Step 4: Look into the cost of living and transportation

Take time to understand what everyday life might cost in different cities before you decide where you’ll apply for a visa or start job hunting. Monthly expenses without rent vary quite a bit—around €980 in Germany, €712 in Spain, and €1,070 in Austria for a single person. Public transport also differs from place to place. A monthly pass costs about €49 in Berlin, €21 in Barcelona, and €51 in Vienna.

Some informational websites let you compare cities side by side. You can see average prices for groceries, utilities, dining out, and even fresh produce or bottled water. It’s a useful way to get a sense of what daily life might look like in each place. If you find those comparison sites a bit clunky, we suggest you instead check our Cost of Living pages where we give a rundown on Berlin, Lisbon, or Paris alike. You can also use them for a country comparison.

Step 5: Learn the basics of taxation

Before moving to Europe, it’s important to understand how taxes work in both your home and destination countries. If you’re a U.S. citizen, you’ll still need to file a U.S. tax return no matter where you live or earn your income. That’s because the U.S. taxes based on citizenship, instead of residency. So even if you’re living and working in Europe, the IRS expects an annual tax filing.

For most other countries, including India, taxes are based on residency. If you’re no longer considered a resident for tax purposes in your home country, you generally won’t be taxed there. Still, your income in Europe will be subject to local tax rules.

Another essential thing to check is whether your home country has a double taxation treaty with the European country you’re moving to. These agreements prevent you from being taxed twice on the same income, and can also influence where it makes the most financial sense to live.

Finally, remember that your visa type and income level can affect your tax rate. If you’re not sure how that applies in your case, this might be something to check while narrowing down where to live (see Step 2).

Step 6: Get your paperwork in order and apply for your visa

This is the step that usually takes the most time and energy, because you’ll be dealing with paperwork and requirements that vary by country. By now, you’ve hopefully figured out which visa you’re applying for, so the next step is to actually start the application process.

Reach out to the embassy or consulate of your destination country to move forward with your specific case. Some embassies require an in-person appointment, while others allow online submission. Either way, give yourself time as processing can take anywhere from two weeks to several months, and it’s common for additional documents or clarification to be requested along the way.

Some documents may need to be translated or officially certified. In many cases, you’ll need an apostille, which is a specific stamp from your country’s Secretary of State that makes the document legally valid in another country. Also, make sure your passport is still valid and won’t expire anytime soon—many countries require it to be valid for at least six more months.

Step 7: Decide what to do with your current home

If you are a homeowner, you’ll need to decide whether to sell, rent, or leave your house vacant. That choice often depends on your long-term plans and financial situation. Renting it out can be a good option, especially if you’re not sure how long you’ll be abroad.

If you’re renting, options are more straightforward. You can end your lease early, sublet, or simply wait until your lease expires. This last option might give you time to save money, plan in ahead and prepare yourself for the move. Just make sure you give your landlord proper notice and check your contract for any penalties.

Step 8: Prepare your finances

Once you’ve looked into the cost of living in your destination country, it’s time to think about your budget and how much you’ll need to get started. You don’t need to be wealthy to move abroad, but you do need to have some financial buffer. At a minimum, you’ll need enough to cover known expenses like your visa application fee, plane ticket, housing deposits, and the first few months of living costs.

Most visas also require you to show proof that you can support yourself financially. This means you’ll need to provide bank statements or savings records when you apply. Some visas give you a clear threshold. For example, Portugal’s digital nomad visa requires proof of personal savings—at least €10,000 if you’re applying alone, or €21,000 for a family of four—in addition to your remote work contract.

It’s also a good idea to have extra savings set aside for unexpected costs. You might need to pay for a last-minute travel, buy furniture, or cover medical bills before you’re eligible for the local healthcare system. Even setting up internet service or public transit cards can add up.

Some people move with €10,000, others with €30,000 or more—it really depends on your situation and where you’re going. Try to build a realistic estimate based on your destination’s living costs and the visa requirements, then save some more just in case.

Step 9: Plan your living arrangements abroad

Now is the time to think about which city or neighbourhood you want to live in. You’ll also want to decide if you’d prefer to live alone or with a roommate. This will depend on your personal situation, your budget, and how long you plan to stay.

Sharing a flat can help lower your rent and utility costs and can also give you a built-in support system during your first few months. You can always move into your own place later on once you’re settled.

Rental prices vary a lot depending on the country and the city. For example, rent in Berlin or Amsterdam can be €1,000 or more, while smaller cities in Portugal or Spain might be around €700. Relocate.me has detailed country guides where you can compare housing prices across counties like France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. You’ll likely be asked to pay a deposit and a few months’ rent in advance, so factor that into your budget.

Step 10: Start packing and downsizing

Moving abroad means deciding what to take and what to leave behind. Go through your belongings and decide what to sell, donate, pack, or store. Give yourself time to do this, as it often takes longer than expected. Also, this is the part where moving to Europe really starts to feel tangible, and it can be an emotional experience to start packing your things.

Think practically about what’s worth shipping and what might be better to repurchase once you arrive. Relocation companies can help you plan this out. Some even assist with things like opening a local bank account or enrolling children in school. You can find recommendations for these services on Relocate.me.

Step 11: Gather all your important documents

This step might seem obvious, but a lot of people still end up leaving it until the last minute, especially with so many other things going on. Make a checklist of the essential documents: passport, visa, diplomas, medical records, driving licence, insurance, and anything else you might need. Print a few hard copies, and also scan everything and store it in the cloud. Taking care of this early can save you stress later.

Step 12: Research your banking options

You’ll probably want to keep your home bank account, especially if you still have bills to pay or direct deposits tied to it. But opening a local or digital account in Europe will help with everyday things like paying rent, receiving your salary, or signing up for local services.

A lot of newcomers start with digital services such as Wise or Revolut even before moving to Europe. These are quick to open, don’t usually require proof of address, and let you send or receive money in different currencies with better exchange rates than traditional banks.

Just keep in mind that online accounts can sometimes come with restrictions. Some people have had their accounts with providers like N26 closed without much explanation, which meant they couldn’t access their money for a while. This doesn’t happen often, but it’s a reminder not to put all your funds in one place. Having a backup option, like Wise, can help if anything changes suddenly.

As for local banks like Commerzbank or Deutsche Bank, many expats find them unnecessarily complicated, as they require in-person appointments, lots of paperwork, and local proof of address. Unless you need specific services like a mortgage or local loan later on, it’s usually easier to skip them in the early stages.

Step 13: Set up a Power of Attorney (if needed)

If you think you’ll need to take care of any legal or financial matters back home after moving to Europe, it might be wise to set up a Power of Attorney. This allows someone you trust, like a parent or close friend, to act on your behalf if you can’t be there in person. It can be helpful if, for example, you need to close a bank account, manage property, or deal with paperwork back home while you’re living abroad.

Step 14: Understand healthcare and insurance options

If you’are moving to Europe for a couple of months or years, your current health insurance likely won’t cover you abroad. In the first few months, its a good idea to have international health insurance—or at least comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical coverage. This helps you avoid unexpected bills if anything happens during the early stages of your move.

Health insurance is mandatory in many European countries, including France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Once you’re settled, and depending on your visa or residence status, you may be required to register in the public healthcare system, buy private health coverage, or use a combination of both. In France and Germany, for example, many expats use public healthcare alongside private “top-up” insurance to cover extras.

Step 15: Start learning the local language

If you’re moving to a country where English isn’t the main language, learning some basics of the local language before you go can really help. Even a few words and expressions can make a difference. Apps like Duolingo or YouTube videos are very good to get started. Later on, you might want to take an in-person course to continue learning. Many cities offer affordable language classes through community centres, so definitely check that out once you’re there.

Step 16: Join expat groups and forums

Once you’ve started planning your move, it’s a good idea to join some online expat communities—especially on Facebook and Reddit. You’ll find communities for nearly every country, city, and topic, often filled with people who have already gone through the same move you’re about to make.

Many members share firsthand experiences, offer grounded advice, and answer questions that might not be easy to find elsewhere. They’re also one of the best places to find up-to-date insight into day-to-day life in your destination. You might even come across job or housing leads, tips on local services, or recommendations for mobile plans. And beyond all the useful information, these groups can help you make your first social connections before you arrive.

Step 17: Research education and family support options

If you’re moving with kids, it’s best to start looking into schools early on. In many cases, the school you choose will influence where you end up living, so it makes sense to inquire about both at the same time.

Some cities have international schools that teach in English or offer bilingual programs, while others follow the local curriculum. Each comes with different teaching styles, fees, and admissions processes, so give yourself time to compare. You can use International Schools Database to get a first idea of what’s available in your destination.

If your children are younger, check what childcare options are available too. Public childcare is often more affordable but can have waiting lists. It helps to ask other parents or check local expat forums to see what they recommend on this matter.

Step 18: Plan your travel dates and itinerary

When you book your flight, it helps to have a rough timeline of when you plan to arrive and leave the European Union. Some visa applications ask for your flight itinerary, and in some cases, showing a return or onward ticket can improve your chances of approval. You don’t need to book the most expensive flight, but you should have a general plan laid out.

Step 19: Sort out your phone number

At some point early on, you’ll need to decide what to do with your phone number. Do you want to keep your number from back home, get a local number, or use both?

Keeping your original number can help if you still need it for things like two-step verification, especially for banking or accounts tied to that number. But for daily life in your new country, having a local number usually makes everything easier. You’ll probably need it to make appointments, sign up for services, or just to stay in touch with people there.

If your phone supports eSIM or has space for two SIM cards, then you will be able to keep both numbers without much struggle. Once you arrive, buying a local SIM card is usually simple and cheap.

Moving to Europe, Step 20: Register with local authorities after arrival

Once you arrive in your new European country, you’ll likely need to register your address with the local municipality. This is often required to get your residence card, open a bank account, or sign a rental lease. It usually involves showing your passport, visa or residence permit, and proof of address.

In Germany, this is known as Anmeldung; in the Netherlands, it’s registering with the gemeente. Some countries will also give you a national ID number at this point, which you’ll use for taxes, healthcare, and public services.

Depending on your visa type, you might also need to complete a separate immigration step after arrival. For example, in France, long-stay visa holders must validate their visa online within three months. In Portugal, some visas require you to attend a residency appointment with AIMA. Check what applies to your situation so you can take care of both processes in time.

Talk with an immigration expert and make moving to Europe easier

There’s a lot to figure out when you’re moving to Europe: visas and job options, healthcare, taxes, and all the small rules that change from country to country. And since things keep updating over time, it’s important you always double-check the latest information before you go. If you’re feeling unsure about anything, talking to a relocation expert can help you get clarity on your options. We can connect you right away. They can walk you through the steps, explain what applies to your situation, and save you time and money along the way.

Lisbon vs Berlin: Monthly cost comparison at a glance

While both cities attract international tech talent, Berlin is the more established hub for expats working in tech. The city is home to thousands of startups and a strong technology sector spanning fintech, AI, and the newest tech trends. English is widely spoken in Berlin—both socially and professionally—and the city’s sizeable international community makes integration relatively straightforward. Higher living costs are balanced by higher average tech salaries, which are among the most competitive in Europe.

Lisbon, by contrast, is still emerging as a tech destination. Though smaller in scale, its tech sector is increasingly international, and English is commonly used in the workplace, especially within startups. Portugal’s favourable visa policies—especially for remote workers—have accelerated its growth: since launching its digital nomad visa in October 2022, Portugal has granted over 2,600 approvals.

While Portugal’s flagship Digital Nomad Village is located in Ponta do Sol on Madeira Island, the initiative has helped position the country more broadly, including Lisbon, as a top destination for digital nomads. With a mild climate, coastal lifestyle, and lower cost of living, Lisbon draws tech workers looking for flexibility and long-term residency options.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of Lisbon vs. Berlin key cost-of-living factors to help you evaluate which city aligns better with your lifestyle and budget:

 

Rent: Tight markets, steep gaps

Lisbon and Berlin are both dealing with intense housing demand, but for different reasons. While Lisbon has traditionally been more affordable, its ongoing housing crisis—stimulated by a surge in tech migrants, digital nomads, and limited housing supply—has pushed rents up to levels on par with, or even slightly above, Berlin. A one-bedroom flat in central Lisbon now averages €1,408, with three-bedroom units reaching €2,630. In Berlin, comparable figures are €1,257 and €2,383 respectively.

Berlin’s overall cost of living is higher than Lisbon’s: You’ll need roughly €2,300 to have the same lifestyle in Berlin than what €1,835 buy you in Lisbon. This means you can expect to spend 25% more if you move from Lisbon to Berlin. This is evident in daily expenses like groceries, dining out, and basic services, which are generally more affordable in Lisbon. Still, Berlin’s rental market is still very competitive because there isn’t much new housing, especially in popular neighborhoods like Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, and Friedrichshain. In Lisbon, expats may find better value in suburban areas like Amadora or Loures, where rents are typically 15–25% lower than in the city centre. But availability is proving increasingly limited, so much that the government set out to shut off Airbnb!

Utilities and internet

Utility bills in Berlin are substantially higher, at an average of €305 per month for an 85m² flat compared to €130 in Lisbon. Germany’s elevated costs stem largely from post-2022 energy policy shifts following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which led to the loss of low-cost gas imports. To cushion the impact, the government introduced Energiepreisbremsen (energy price brakes), which cap electricity and gas rates for baseline consumption—though average utility expenses in Berlin remain among the highest in Europe.

Broadband internet is slightly cheaper in Lisbon, at approximately €34 per month, compared to €42 in Berlin. Mobile plans in Lisbon vs Berlin are nearly identical (€17–€18), but Portuguese providers often require a local NIF (fiscal number) to sign up.

Getting around: Public transport and urban mobility

Both Lisbon and Berlin offer strong public transit. Berlin’s D-Ticket is a monthly pass that costs €58 and includes U-Bahn, S-Bahn, buses, and trams. Lisbon’s transport network—while smaller—is affordable, with the Navegante Metropolitano monthly pass at €40 and a metro system that’s clean and reliable.

Berlin’s cycling infrastructure is superior, with widespread bike lanes and rentals. Lisbon, by contrast, is hillier and less bike-friendly.

Groceries and dining out

Groceries in Lisbon vs Berlin are comparably priced. In Lisbon, expect to spend €150–€250 monthly as a single person. Berlin’s range is €150–€300. Both cities offer discount chains (Lidl, Aldi), premium supermarkets, and busy markets—Winterfeldt in Berlin and Mercado da Ribeira in Lisbon stand out.

Dining out tends to be more budget-friendly in Lisbon, where a typical inexpensive restaurant meal costs around €13 compared to €15 in Berlin. Lisbon stands out for its affordable wine and fresh seafood, while Berlin offers more variety overall—especially for vegetarians, vegans, and fans of international cuisine.

Childcare and schooling

Lisbon offers a mix of public, private, and international childcare options. Nurseries for children under age three are mostly private, while kindergartens for older children include free public programmes. The Portuguese government provides a family allowance to help offset costs, and is in the process of rolling out free childcare for under-threes. For expats, access to public subsidies generally requires a temporary or permanent residence permit. Full-day private preschool in Lisbon costs around €537 per month, while annual fees for international primary schools average €14,230.

Berlin offers a broader range of childcare setups, but getting around them can be more complex. Public daycare is heavily subsidised, with prices starting as low as €15 per month and averaging €168. Private daycare can cost up to €1,000 monthly. For parents who prefer alternative care, childminders and nannies are common, with costs ranging from €800 to over €1,500 per month depending on hours and employer responsibilities. International school fees range from €4,000 to €12,000 annually, significantly lower than Lisbon’s.

Note: Berlin’s Kindergeld system provides financial support for legal residents, which can significantly reduce childcare costs over time.

Tech job market: Scale in Berlin, growth in Lisbon

Berlin stands out for tech job density. It’s a pan-European startup capital, home to major players like N26, Delivery Hero, and Zalando. The city attracts funding, talent, and new ideas across fintech, SaaS, and AI sectors. For expats, especially those in engineering or product roles, Berlin offers a wide range of English-speaking positions and a mature hiring ecosystem.

Lisbon’s tech scene, while smaller, is gaining ground. The annual Web Summit has helped boost its international profile, and government incentives continue to attract early-stage startups and remote-friendly companies. Salaries, however, remain lower: software engineers in Lisbon typically earn between €32,000 and €58,000 annually, compared to €64,000 to €95,000 in Berlin. That said, some of this gap is offset by Lisbon’s more affordable cost of living—especially when it comes to everyday expenses like dining, transport, and groceries.

Quality of life

Lisbon wins for sunshine (over 300 days/year), beach access, and a slower pace of life. The lifestyle is more Mediterranean: relaxed, outdoor-focused, and social. Berlin, meanwhile, offers an active urban life, cultural variety, and better infrastructure for families, including green spaces, museums, and community programmes.

Winter weather is a notable downside in Berlin—long, grey, and cold—whereas Lisbon enjoys mild winters. However, Berlin’s summers are fun and filled with open-air festivals and events.

Expat community and integration

Berlin is an international city. Nearly one in five residents is foreign-born, and English is widely spoken in social and professional settings. Its multicultural atmosphere and strong expat networks make it relatively easy to experience day-to-day life without fluent German. Many expats report feeling welcomed overall—though German bureaucracy can be frustratingly complex. However, despite the openness, some newcomers still encounter challenges with social integration: Only about 13% of expats rate locals as “very friendly,” and 56% say it’s hard to make local friends.

Lisbon, while historically warm and open, has seen growing local frustration over housing affordability, which many attribute to the influx of foreign workers and digital nomads. While outright hostility is rare, expats occasionally report feeling like outsiders, especially in tourist-heavy areas. That said, integration is very much possible—particularly for those who make an effort to learn Portuguese and seek out community beyond the expat bubble.

Final verdict

Both Lisbon and Berlin offer compelling advantages for tech professionals relocating with a job offer in hand. Your choice will ultimately depend on what you prioritise most—whether it’s career growth and infrastructure, or lifestyle and affordability. Here’s a quick summary to help you weigh the trade-offs:

Choose Lisbon if you want:

• Lower cost of living
• A sunnier, slower-paced lifestyle
• Access to beaches and nature
• A budget-conscious environment for families

Choose Berlin if you value:

• A solid tech job market
• Excellent public transport and infrastructure
• Cultural diversity and career mobility
• High-quality childcare and education options

Talk with immigration experts before you relocate to Lisbon or Berlin with a job already in hand

Thinking about making the move to Lisbon vs Berlin? With Relocate.me, you don’t have to figure it out alone. We have a niche job board built for tech professionals who are ready to relocate, and we feature companies that are willing to help expats relocate.

Browse relocation-friendly tech jobs in Berlin and Lisbon, apply from your home country, and secure the right offer before you move. The companies on our platform are actively hiring international talent. At Relocate.me, we also have trusted partners who specialise in visa and relocation services, so we may be able to connect you with the ideal expert.

While you wait, you might also want to sign up for The Global Move, our newsletter with hand-picked tech jobs and moving-related content.

Oscar’s background

• Home country: Australia
• Current role: Senior Software Engineer at Picnic
• Years of experience: 5.5 (4 at the time of relocation)
• Tech stack: Java 21, Spring Boot 3, Project Reactor, MongoDB, Kubernetes
• Passions outside of work: Volleyball

 

Oscar studied software engineering in his hometown of Adelaide and began his career in Sydney just before COVID-19. After four years working at Atlassian there, he decided it was time for a bigger move and to start a new, more adventurous chapter outside Australia.

 

What made you choose the Netherlands as a work abroad destination?

I didn’t leave Australia because I was unhappy. Life there was very good, but that was exactly the point: if I didn’t make the move early in my career, I knew I might just stay there forever. Relocating to the Netherlands was my way of pushing myself outside my comfort zone and having the unique experience of living and working abroad.

I looked at places like the UK, Germany, and the US, but the Netherlands stood out. Although it isn’t a primarily English-speaking country, people speak English at a very high level, so I knew language wouldn’t be an issue. At the same time, the culture felt different enough that it wouldn’t just feel like “another Australia.” Amsterdam also gave me a central base in Europe, which makes travel a lot easier and cheaper. And visa-wise, the Netherlands is one of the most straightforward options for international software engineers, which made the move more realistic.

But of course, coming from Australia did mean a big adjustment. For example, the fastest I can get from door to door is 24 hours, and the time difference makes it hard to stay connected with friends and family. For me, calls only work on weekends. But even with those challenges, I think making the move was absolutely worth it.

You are now working at Picnic as a Senior Software Engineer. Why did you choose Picnic?

Picnic was actually one of the first companies I came across. I found it in an article about reducing food waste. That caught my attention because they were clearly trying to tackle an environmental problem, and I thought that was interesting.

From there I looked into the company more. I read interviews, watched some of their YouTube content, but what I really wanted to know was whether Picnic was a genuine tech company or just a supermarket with a bit of tech on the side. For me, it was important to join a place where engineering was taken seriously, because I enjoy the challenges and environment that come with that. And with Picnic, the more I looked, the clearer it became that it is a serious tech company, not just a supermarket with a tech division.

The environmental side also appealed to me. Their home delivery model reduces the number of individual trips people make to the shops, which helps cut down on driving and emissions. So that combination of purpose and engineering focus made me want to apply. And during the interviews, everyone I spoke to came across as really switched on and genuinely engaged. It didn’t feel like people were just reading off a list of questions. That gave me a very good impression of the team and made me confident this was the right place for me.

How many interview stages did you have to go through to get this job? How much time passed between the first interview and the job offer?

The hiring process at Picnic follows a clear series of steps:

• HR screening call.
• Take-home assignment that can be completed within a week.
• Technical round with two engineers discussing the assignment and past experience.
• Pair-programming session with two more developers.
• Behavioural interview about experience and fit.

For the take-home assignment, I probably spent more time on it than most — I really wanted it to be good — but in reality it only takes a few hours. After that, you go into discussions about your solution, plus some general experience questions. Then there’s a final assessment day with two interviews: a pair-programming session and a behavioural round. It’s a pretty normal kind of setup.

The recruiting team has an explicit policy of a turnaround of four weeks from application to offer, and in some cases it can be faster. The company has recently trialled “hiring sprints” where candidates complete all interviews in one or two days and receive an answer within 24 hours.

In my case, it took about a month because my interviews spanned the Christmas holiday break. Normally though, if everything lines up, candidates can expect a response within four weeks and sometimes even less.

By the way, do you need to know Dutch to work at Picnic?

No, you don’t need to know Dutch to get a job at Picnic. You can secure an offer and move to the Netherlands if you speak only English. Once you’re settled in Amsterdam, you’ll have time to learn Dutch. If your goal is to become a Dutch citizen and get a European passport, then you’ll need to learn Dutch, because knowing how to speak it is a requirement to claim citizenship. That passport will then let you work in the Netherlands, Berlin, or Madrid, for that matter. Learning Dutch in order to get a passport is a good trade-off.

Picnic is actively hiring software engineers in the Netherlands

Picnic is a Dutch online supermarket founded in 2015 that builds all its technology in-house, including its app, logistics systems, and warehouse platforms. The company has grown very quickly and now serves more than a million customers in the Netherlands, France, and Germany. The company is looking for skilled engineers from around the world and promises an energetic job environment where teams take on real supply-chain and customer challenges and see the outcomes of their work firsthand. If you join Picnic’s tech team in Amsterdam, you’ll work with a diverse group of engineers on scalable and influential projects.

Here’s just some open tech roles at Picnic:

• Senior Java Developer – Build scalable backend systems and guide technical decision-making.
• Java Developer – Work on backend services, delivery routing, and warehouse systems.

Want to learn more about Picnic? Check out this blog post.

Did Picnic offer relocation assistance?

Yes, Picnic supported me all the way through my move. There was quite a lot of paperwork initially with visas, residence permits, and tax forms, but that is obviously part of relocating. The good thing was that everything was clearly documented in Picnic’s internal wiki, and whenever I had questions there was always someone who had gone through it before who could explain. The admin does not all come at once either. It kind of trickles in, with reminders about what needs to be done and by when, which made it easier to handle.

One of the biggest advantages was coming on a Highly Skilled Migrant visa, which also allowed my partner to move here and get a working visa through mine. That was really important for us. If only I could come, it might have been a deal breaker. Picnic also helped me apply for the 30% ruling, which is definitely a big deal for people who want to move to the Netherlands. It takes a while to set up, but Picnic guided me through every step and kept nudging me until it was sorted.

They also made the arrival itself easier. I was put up in a student-style accommodation for the first month, which gave me time to start apartment hunting without pressure. Picnic provided a relocation bonus as well, which I could either use for a real estate agent or put toward my first month’s rent.

Another thing that helped a lot was that new joiners usually arrive together at the start of the month, so you are surrounded by others going through the same thing. That support network made the first weeks feel less overwhelming. It’s nice to just have people at work that you can talk to and ask questions like, does anyone have suggestions for how to find an apartment? Whereas if I moved before I found a job, I would’ve definitely felt a lot more isolated, I would say.

A note about how to get a visa to work in the Netherlands

If you plan to stay and work in the Netherlands for more than 90 days, you’ll need a long-stay visa (MVV) or a residence permit right from the start.

Most non-EU tech professionals use the Highly Skilled Migrant permit. Your employer must be a recognised sponsor and will apply on your behalf. To qualify, you need to meet the minimum gross monthly salary threshold—currently €3,909 for those under 30, and €5,331 for those over 30.

There are other visa routes too:

• The Startup Visa allows non-EU entrepreneurs to launch an innovative business in the Netherlands over a one-year period, with the support of a recognised facilitator.
• The Self-Employment Visa is for independent professionals and freelancers, assessed via a points-based system focused on economic contribution and business viability.
• And for Americans, there’s the DAFT Visa under the Dutch-American Friendship Treaty, which only requires a modest €4,500 investment to qualify.

As Oscar mentioned, one of the biggest draws for expats on the Highly Skilled Migrant permit is the 30% ruling. This is a tax incentive that allows up to 30% of your gross salary to be paid tax-free for the first five years. It’s worth discussing during the hiring or relocation process.

If you’d like to explore Dutch visa options and requirements in more detail, check out the full guides on Relocate.me.

A note regarding the cost of living in Amsterdam

Amsterdam is not the cheapest city in Europe, but many expats find it balances out with good salaries and benefits like the 30% ruling. Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in the city centre is about €2,041 per month, while a three-bedroom apartment typically costs €3,363.

For an apartment for two people, monthly household expenses, including electricity, heating, water, and garbage, usually cost around €300, although some sources claim it could triple that amount. A public transport subscription costs roughly €80 per month, and groceries and eating out are generally similar to cities like Berlin or Paris, though using Dutch supermarkets like Picnic can make groceries slightly cheaper.

Oscar noted that apartment hunting in Amsterdam can be tough, but the support from Picnic and advice from fellow expats helped him a lot. He explicitly mentioned that some of his colleagues had found success by looking in nearby cities like Utrecht. These two cities are merely 40 km apart, and the train journey from Amsterdam-Centraal to Utrecht Centraal takes around 25 minutes.

What is the average salary in the Netherlands?

As of February 2024, the gross average salary in the Netherlands is €44,000 per year or €3,666 per month. This is one of the top five highest average salaries in Europe, and it’s moderately higher than in Austria or the UK. When we apply the 30% tax ruling for international hires, the net annual salary in the Netherlands is €31,745. To learn more about taxes, you can visit Taxes in the Netherlands or calculate your own income using the Tax Calculator.

 

One last question: what makes Amsterdam an attractive city for you as a software developer?

I can only really speak from my experience at Picnic, but what stands out most is the culture within the engineering teams. People are friendly, supportive, and collaborative. It never feels competitive in the sense of needing to outdo your peers. Instead, your peers are your teammates, and that creates a very positive environment.

The level of talent here is also high. Amsterdam attracts skilled engineers from all over the world, and many of my colleagues are expats who have been relocated because of their expertise. That means the standard of engineering is strong, and being surrounded by world-class talent pushes you to grow as well. For me, that combination of collaboration and quality makes working here very rewarding.

 

Interested in following Oscar’s path and relocating to the Netherlands? Find a job first!

Oscar’s story shows how important it is to secure the right job before moving abroad. A position with a company that hires internationally and offers relocation support makes the move much more manageable.

For tech professionals looking to move to the Netherlands, Relocate.me is a useful resource. The platform connects software engineers with companies like Picnic. That is, companies that hire internationally and guide new hires through visas and relocation.

If you are interested in following Oscar’s path, browse tech jobs with relocation to the Netherlands and check which roles might be the right fit for you.

What is the best country to move to from USA?

The best country to move to from the USA is Canada, but the Netherlands, Ireland, and Australia are also excellent choices. These are all countries Americans can move to.

But this reply is also like answering, “How much do I have to pay for a car?” or “How much does a dollar cost?” The actual answer is, “It depends.” What makes it the “best” is, of course, based on what our premises for “the best” are. So, if you’re looking for a great country to retire and enjoy the beach—and you happen to speak Portuguese—then Portugal is far better than Canada. If you’re looking for a very affordable beachfront breakfast, ready to learn a new language, and don’t mind dealing with tedious visa paperwork, then Bali, Indonesia, would be the perfect place to move to.

But if you’re an American professional who wants to relocate—and become an expat—to work in a new country, then Canada is easily a winner. Based on their economy (even if it has been dwindling), job market, language, short distance back to home, and visa pathways, Canada is the best country to move to from the United States. That said, the other countries on our list also have reasonably accessible visas and either native or excellent levels of English.

Do you need a passport to move to Canada?

You require a passport to travel everywhere, even Canada. It’s true that you can cross into Canada by land from the US with just a driver’s license and a birth certificate. But plenty of Americans who’ve done this were told on their way back to the US that they would need a passport next time. It seems Canadian border agents are outstandingly nice with US citizens, and that’s why they can cross up northward. And it isn’t that surprising that Canadians are friendly. But you should still consider getting a passport to cross into Canada. The American passport is the world’s eighth-strongest passport in 2025 based on how easily and visa-free it can get you to other countries, so that’s an added incentive to go and claim it up.

Do you need citizenship to move to Canada?

No, as an American, you don’t need citizenship to move and work in Canada. As a matter of fact, you can live for years in many countries and actually earn citizenship through living in them. And the best way to get to these countries is typically with a job.

The best countries to move to from USA

The best countries to move to from the United States are Canada, the Netherlands, Ireland, Australia, and the United Kingdom. They are also some of the easiest countries to move to from the US. Some of them, like the Netherlands, even have special visas for Americans.

Since saying which country is the best still depends, the list is in no particular order—except, perhaps, for Canada. If you hate cold winters, high taxes and steep prices, then even our top pick, Canada, might not be your best option compared to other entries here.

Canada

Canada is, in 2025, the best country Americans can move to. These are strange days to write this statement. The US President has perplexingly suggested that Canada could become the 51st state. And the outgoing Prime Minister and the gentleman who’s probably to become the next one are saying that yes, he’s serious about this. And that, no, Canada doesn’t want to become a US state because it’s already a great nation.

 

 

We’ll have to agree with all that, honestly. Canada is a great nation for Canadians and expats alike. And for US citizens, it’s an excellent option for relocating and starting anew. In between the visa pathways, job market, language, and proximity to any US hometown, the country is a winner.

Just keep in mind Canada, which is a visa-free country (up to 180 days) for Americans, has a very high cost of living, high taxes, and their economy isn’t exactly doing superbly right now. Even if they have so many parks and healthcare facilities to compensate for it, average salaries are around 30% lower than in the United States. Heck, they even currently have to grapple with a hockey goalie crisis. But they’re likely to bounce back from each one of these perils.

There are many pathways for Americans who want to relocate to Canada with a visa. You can use the Express Entry. But you can also rely on the Federal Skilled Worker Program, the Federal Skilled Trades Program, or the Canadian Experience Class pathway, to mention a few options.

Still, the easiest way to move from the US to Canada is with a job that supports your relocation, or, in any case, with help from immigration experts who’ve walked that path with other expats.

 

How to Relocate to Canada →

The Netherlands

The Netherlands is one of the best countries for Americans to move to. This is a sleeper pick, and you might be wondering how it even made the list. But the Dutch people, some of whom speak English so well you’ll think you’re in a whisky-loving British Isle instead of Rotterdam, have taken steps so that Americans can easily move there.

One such step is the DAFT or DAFM visa, from a deal first signed in 1956 (!). The Dutch-American Friendship Treaty, or DAFT, allows American entrepreneurs to move to the Netherlands.

Entrepreneurs of any scale can apply for this visa because the starting amount is just €4,500. They can be freelancers or big business owners who want to start a Dutch branch of their American business. There are no rules about what kind of business you have, who your customers are, or where they come from. The process to get the DAFT visa was upgraded in 2024 and now takes about a month and a half.

The Netherlands is a visa-free country for Americans and allows them to stay for 90 days. (Visa runs are straightforward considering the UK is so close at hand.) Average salaries are better than their European neighbors, and the cost of living in Amsterdam is more accommodating than in the crazy expensive New York City (formerly known as New Amsterdam).

Besides the DAFT, there are several kinds of longer-stay visas for the Netherlands. There are also quite reasonable paths to citizenship, although you’ll have to learn Dutch. Easily the best way to move to the Netherlands as an American, aside from the DAFT visa, is by landing a job over there. With that job, you can seriously aspire to having permanent residence and afterward Dutch citizenship. Just remember that, with Dutch citizenship, you can live almost anywhere in Europe.

If you plan to live in the Netherlands, we strongly recommend you learn Dutch. Even if they speak English very well. If you want to obtain citizenship, you’ll need to speak their language.

Ireland

Ireland is an attractive entry point for Americans who want to relocate to Europe, or who just want out of the USA. This European nation has taken measures to live through a well-earned tech boom. Ireland recently registered historically high employment levels, out of which around 5% of employees were working in tech. And plenty of those tech workers now work for American companies, like Klaviyo, HubSpot, or Meta, which have important offices in Dublin. This has made it one of the best countries to move to from USA.

If you’ve watched flicks with Brendan Gleeson, such as The Guard (2011) or The Banshees of Inisherin (2022), you might think that you need to speak Gaelic to live in Ireland, but that’s not the case. You can live in Dublin—which hosts a rather stunning tech district—or Galway or anywhere in Ireland and speak English. 95% of the country recognizes it as their language. And salaries are even better than in the United Kingdom. Also, Ireland has a double taxation treaty with the United States, so if you’re freelancing and move to Ireland, you won’t need to contribute taxes in the two countries. In case you have a job, for detailed figures and to calculate your expected income after taxes, visit the Irish government website or use this tax calculator.

Americans of Irish descent can try to score a passport (citizenship). If your grandparents were born in Ireland, you have a good shot at it. But Americans who want to move to Ireland don’t need to become Irish before doing so. They can apply to the many visa pathways or look for a job that can sponsor their relocation.

 

Companies in Ireland Hiring Foreigners →

Australia

Australia is an excellent country for Americans who would like to relocate.

As a US citizen, you can live and work Down Under without first becoming a citizen of Australia. Permanent residents and certain visa holders, can live, work, and study with very minimal restrictions. But Australia is a popular place for expats, and immigration rules have become stricter over time. So, truth be told, it can be difficult to become a citizen or stay permanently in Australia. That’s why some Americans start with temporary visas like the Working Holiday visa (subclass 417). This visa is fairly easy to obtain and lets you live and work in Australia for some time.

Australia offers a high quality of life and stability, but it’s also a very expensive country. Median salaries (a better reference than the average) are not as competitive as in the United States. But it’s one of the few countries on this list that has beaches, ski resorts and big cities all in one (massive) place. That’s a plus that Americans and British citizens alike can enjoy. The best way to move to Australia, though, is by getting a job that helps with relocation.

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is one of the easiest countries for Americans to move to. The best way is to find a job that allows you to move there.

The other pathways, such as getting permanent residence by living there, are indeed better to take part in with a job. In the meantime, Americans can stay in the UK for six months without a visa. And there are visas for entrepreneurs, skilled workers, and founders, and a well-documented process to earn the leave to remain. London is still a financial capital and there are plenty of jobs in finance, venture capital and even the law sector.

The United Kingdom doesn’t have the best weather out there. But in between the language, the generous non-visa stay, and the many visa pathways, it’s one of the best countries for Americans to move to.

A note about the ancestry visa for Americans

Many outlets go about saying that Americans can apply for an ancestry visa. They say that if you have a UK grandparent born in the UK or a British colony, you may apply for the ancestry visa. But the official sources clearly say this is only available for Commonwealth citizens. And the US is not part of the Commonwealth.

Talk to an immigration expert to relocate from the United States

These are some of the easiest countries to move to from the US. Other choices that didn’t make this list are also spectacular: Mexico, Spain, Portugal, Thailand or Costa Rica, to mention a few, all have great weather and more affordable prices than Ireland, for example. But this list is of countries that Americans who want to work overseas will have a better experience relocating to.

If you have a specific destination in mind, we recommend talking to an immigration expert or visa consultant. The right guidance can help you choose the best immigration route and avoid unnecessary stress or problems later. At Relocate.me, we have trusted partners who specialize in visa and relocation services, so we may be able to connect you with the ideal expert.

Meanwhile, consider subscribing to The Global Move, our newsletter with curated tech jobs and content for relocation seekers.

Good luck!

How to buy a house in the Netherlands: A step-by-step guide

The best way to buy a house in the Netherlands is by getting the best possible mortgage. So if you already defined that you want to ditch rent payment stubs forever and be a homeowner, this is how you can do it in the Netherlands. If you’re an expat, you should also be reading this.

Step 1: Make sure you should buy (because maybe you should rent)

There are two very antagonistic camps when talking about the “rent vs buy” dilemma. People on 𝕏 will ramble about how renting is the true bargain because you can invest your down payment funds somewhere else. The “you should buy” camp reasonably explains that, if you have a mortgage, you’re paying something comparable to one’s rent, with the key difference that the house or apartment will be yours down the line. Some mortgage firms offer rent vs buy quizzes, with which you can finally shrug off your doubts.

Is it better to rent or buy in 2025 in the Netherlands?

In the Netherlands, it seems like 2025 is an excellent moment to buy a house or apartment. Rent has increased year-on-year at a quicker rate than many mortgage annual fees. And homebuyers looking into their first property can be exempt from the 2% transfer fee if they meet certain conditions.

Step 2: Determine your financial situation

Before buying a house, you need to figure out how much money you need to save or what your income is, because the amount of money you can borrow depends on many things, like how much you earn. In the Netherlands, as things stand, you can get a mortgage up to 100% of the property value. But you’ll have to pay for any extra costs yourself. Some of those extra costs are the transfer tax of 2% (from which you could be exempt). You’ll also need to pay for the valuation of the property (expect €1,000 tops), a mortgage advisor (the best ones have plans for almost any situation), a notary (expect to pay a few hundred euros; if you’re being asked €1,000, it’s too much), a mandatory translator if you don’t speak Dutch, and a real estate agent.

Once you have reckoned and checked what your savings are and what your financial situation is, it’s time to understand how much you can borrow.

Step 3: Check how much you can borrow from a mortgage

Now that you know how much money you have, and you know you’ll have to invest cash on top of a (potential) 100% mortgage, it’s time to calculate your prospective mortgage. There are plenty of options, but the best and quickest is to use a mortgage calculator from a mortgage advisor. A maximum mortgage calculator is the best place to start because you’ll get a detailed breakdown of your possibilities.

Can you buy a house as a foreigner in the Netherlands?

Yes, foreigners can buy a house with a mortgage in the Netherlands. There are special mortgages that you can check up on for foreigners, and advisors can let you know how to proceed. So don’t settle for a huge down payment! So, yes, an American can buy a house in the Netherlands (and plenty of other nationalities as well). But keep in mind, the best and quickest way is to have a job in the Netherlands. There are plenty of companies hiring foreigners in the Netherlands, and various paths for internationals who, before buying a house, want to reside in Rotterdam or Amsterdam and eventually naturalise as Dutch.

How much can I borrow from a mortgage in the Netherlands?

As we outlined, the best way to check how much you can borrow is with a mortgage calculator. But you should also compare what each mortgage provider is offering. There are different interest rates out there in the market. Mortgage advisors with long trajectories in the Netherlands usually aggregate those rates and mortgage types so you can get a picture and start deciding on your partner.

Compare current mortgage rates →

Step 4: Find your new home

Now that you have your finances sorted out, you can set out to find your new property. One of the best ways is to work with a real estate agent, even if you’re using websites to browse properties up for sale. So, the advice is to combine your own research on some vetted websites while also working along with a real estate agent. Agents will also help you view your house before you decide to bid.

Step 5: Bid and negotiate for your new house

If you can afford your new Dutch home, you can start talking about buying it. Always make your first offer with the precondition that you will get the financing to move on. This is called a “dissolving condition” because it allows you to call the whole deal off if you can’t come up with a mortgage later. This helps you avoid paying a fine if you can’t get the mortgage in six weeks. But if the date of the dissolving conditions has passed, and you still withdraw from the purchase, you will have to pay a fine to the seller, which is usually around 10%.

If you agree on a price, the house will have to be valued (remember how we mentioned the valuation costs?) and you may arrange to have an architectural inspection done. This will help you see how well maintained the house is before you buy it. Some mortgage advisors can bundle these services up.

Once you sign a purchase agreement and after the “due diligence” or cooldown period of 3 days, you can now proceed to get a mortgage because you have an effective contract (Congratulations!). Before that, you should make a deposit or leave a bank guarantee ready at the notary’s office.

Step 6: Get a mortgage to buy a house in the Netherlands

You can now get a mortgage to finance your purchase. The best way to get it is with a mortgage advisor (e.g. De Hypotheker), who can run different scenarios for you and get the best options from the market. Because a mortgage advisor will look for the type of mortgage that matches your situation, such as a linear or annuity mortgage.

The advisor will also figure out whether you fit the criteria for the National Mortgage Guarantee or a Starter Loan. The mortgage advisor will ask the lender for a mortgage offer—a Binding Credit Offer—based on your wishes and current financial situation (It is customary to obtain a mortgage for a duration of 30 years). Your advisor will review this credit offer and call you up to confirm if it works for you. The mortgage advisor will take care of the remaining paperwork once you have signed the offer.

Step 7: Confirm the transfer and buy your house with financing

After getting a mortgage, waiting for the due diligence or cooldown period, and dealing with any other formalities, the purchase can be wrapped up. Now the transfer can take effect at the notary. And when you sign a deed of transfer at the notary, you’re the owner of the property. (Congratulations, for a second time.)

Buy a house in the Netherlands with the best mortgage advisors

The best way to buy a house in the Netherlands is to have a job there, whether you’re Dutch or a foreigner, and then link up with mortgage advisors who have experience in the Dutch real estate market. Mortgage advisors can help you calculate your best potential mortgage, check what your maximum mortgage is, and also aggregate all your options so you can pick among them. It’s the best path to a well-informed decision when buying a house in The Hague, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, or elsewhere in the Netherlands.

You can connect with longstanding mortgage advisors or, if that’s a significant leap for you, start slower and speak with immigration experts who can help you relocate to the Netherlands. Or check out jobs in the Netherlands that support relocation.